Core Java APIs
0430-0506
- 1.Using Operators and Decision Constructs
- Test equality between Strings and objects using == and equals().
- 2.Creating and Using Arrays
- Declare, instantiate, initialize and use a one-dimensional array.
- Declare, instantiate, initialize and use a multi-dimensional array.
- 3.Working with Selected classes from the Java API
- Creating and manipulating Strings.
- Manipulate data using the StringBuilder class and its methods.
- Declare and use an ArrayList of a given type.
- Create and manipulate calendar data using classes from java.time.LocalDateTime, java.time.LocalDate, java.time.Local-Time, java.time.format.DateTimeFormatter, java.time.Period.
- 4.Working with Java Data Types
- Develop code that uses wrapper classes such as Boolean, Double, and Integer.
- A string is basically a sequence of characters.
- String class is a special class, doesn't need to be instantiated with new.
String name = "Fluffy";String name = new String("Fluffy");
Concatenation
- Placing String before the other String and combining them together is called string concatenating. The + operator can be used in two ways within the same line of code:
- If both operands are numeric, + means numeric addition.
- If either operand is a String, + means concatenation.
- The expression is evaluated left to right.
ie.
System.out.println(1 + 2); // 2
System.out.println("a" + "b"); // ab
System.out.println("a" + "b" + 3); // ab3
System.out.println(1 + 2 + "c"); // 3c
Immutability
- String objects are immutable, once they are created, they can not be made larger or smaller, and you cannot change one of the characters inside them.
The String Pool
- Strings are everywhere in Java, they use up a lot of memory, Java solves this issue by reusing common ones. The
string pool, also known as the intern pool, is a location in the JVM that collects all these strings. - The string pool contains literal values that appear in your program. Strings not in the string pool are garbage collected just like any other object.
String name = "Fluffy"; // this is a literal string.
String name = new String("Fluffy"); // this is not a literal string.
- The second way is less efficient than the first way, however, it is allowed.
Important String Methods
- A string is a sequence of characters and zero-indexed.
length()
String string = "animals";
System.out.println(string.length()); // 7
- Returns the number of characters in the String.
charAt()
String string = "animals";
System.out.println(string.charAt(0)); // a
System.out.println(string.charAt(6)); // s
System.out.println(string.charAt(7)); // throws exception
- Lets you query the string to find out what character is at a specific index.
- Indexes start counting with 0.
indexOf()
Last modified 4yr ago